Jankovic J.
Chin Med J (Engl) 2001 Mar;114(3):227-34
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

PURPOSE: To summarize the current strategies for the treatment of early and late Parkinson's disease (PD).

DATA SOURCES: The presented guidelines are based on the review of the literature as well as the author's extensive experience with the treatment of 7000 patients with PD over the past 25 years.

RESULTS: An analysis of reported data as well as personal experience suggest that while young patients seem to have a slower progression of the disease, they are at a higher risk for developing levodopa induced complications, such as motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. It is, therefore, prudent practice to delay levodopa therapy, particularly in younger patients, until the PD symptoms become troublesome and interfere with social or occupational functioning. Other strategies, such as the use of deprenyl, amantadine, trihexphenidyl and dopamine agonists, should be employed before instituting levodopa therapy. Entacopone and dopamine agonists are useful in smoothing out levodopa related motor fluctuations. Surgical interventions, such as pallidotomy and pallidal or subthalamic deep brain stimulation, are effective therapeutic strategies, but should be reserved only for patients in whom optimal medical therapy fails to provide satisfactory control of symptoms.

CONCLUSION: The medical and surgical treatment of patients with PD must be individualized and tailored to the needs of the individual patient.

Source: PubMed

Ahlskog JE - Neurol Clin - 01-Aug-2001; 19(3): 579-605, vi

Abstract: It has been over three decades since the introduction of L-dihydroxyphenylalanine or levodopa therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). The early levodopa trials were driven by recognition of a profound cerebral dopamine deficiency state in this disorder. Whereas dopamine fails to cross the blood brain barrier and hence is ineffective as therapy, the amino acid precursor, dopa, is transported across this barrier and provides a substrate for dopamine synthesis. Levodopa is converted to dopamine within the brain by dopa decarboxylase, replenishing central dopamine stores and potentially reversing the motor symptoms of PD.

Source: PubMed