COPING WITH NATURAL DISASTERS: THE ROLE OF LOCAL HEALTH PERSONNEL AND THE COMMUNITY

( By A Working Guide (WHO - OMS, 1989) )

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Annex 1. Diseases to be monitored when people are housed in temporary shelters








































Disease1


Main Causes


Diarrhoeal diseases


Overcrowding. Contaminated water and food.


Measles


Overcrowding.


Respiratory complaints


Poor housing conditions. Shortage of blankets and clothing.


Malaria


A new environment with a type of malaria against which the refugees have no protection. Stagnant water becoming a mosquito breeding ground.


Meningococcal meningitis


Overcrowding in a region where the disease is endemic (it is often seasonal in certain places).


Tuberculosis


Overcrowding.


Helminths, particularly hookworm


Overcrowding. Poor sanitation.


Scabies (a skin disease caused by mites)


Overcrowding. Poor bodily hygiene.


Xerophthalmia (infant blindness)


Vitamin A deficiency (xerophthalmia is often provoked by measles or some other acute infection).


Anaemia


Malaria, hookworm, shortage or poor assimilation of iron and folate.


Tetanus


Injuries in an unvaccinated population. Poor obstetrical practice may cause tetanus of the newborn.



ąPeople suffering from malnutrition are particularly at risk of serious attacks of all these diseases. Good nutrition therefore constitutes an effective preventive measure.
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